packaed



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. O. PACKARD.

PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER.

No. 451,880 Patented May 5,1891.

Tu: nouns PETERS co, PHUTB-UTHQ, msnmo'mu, 04 c.

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. O. O. PACKARD.

PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER.

No. 451,880. Patented May 5,- 1891.

} Tn: mums rnzns cm. Frin'roimm, wmmuruu, u. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CULLEN O. PACKARD, OF KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO E. & ll. '1.ANTHONY & COMPANY, OF NE\Y YORK, N. Y.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SHUTTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 451,880, dated May 5,1891.

' Application filed November 2, 1889- $erial No. 329,065. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, OULLEN O. PACKARD, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Kalamazoo, in the county of Kalamazoo and State ofMichigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inPhotographic Cameras, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in IO photographic shutters of theclass known as pneumatic shutters, and it consists in the peculiarconstruction and arrangement of the parts, whereby, through the actionof the pneumatic or equivalent engine, the shutters [5 are operatedeither for an instantaneous or for a time exposure.

That which constitutes the invention will be best ascertained by aconsideration of the drawings and description of the parts, ashereinafter set forth.

In the several figures of the drawings the same reference lettersindicate the same parts.

Figure 1 illustrates a view of the rear side of the shutter-case,showing the levers which control the position of the shutters, and alsoshowing the wings of the shutters closed in dotted lines. Fig. 2 shows alike View, the levers being in their position to make a time- 0 exposureand the wings being open for such an exposure. Fig. 3 shows a plan viewof the wings closed. Fig. 4 shows a plan of the wings of the shutteropen. Fig. 5 shows asectional view of one half of the shutter-case, theother 5 half appearing in dotted lines, showing the engine and theshutters in position within it.

Fig. 6 shows the preferred construction of the wings of a four-wingshutter made upon the plan of my invention.

A A are the two halves of the shutter-case. They may be circular, asshown, and made of metal or of other preferred form and material.

B is the exposure aperture, which is of course made in the two halves ofthe case.

0 is the pneumatic engine. It may be made of any preferred form, butpreferably has an inwardly-sliding piston-tube D,with a lateral finger Etherefrom, which works through a slot F in the side of the case uponwhich the engine is attached.

G G are the wings of the shutter. They are or may be superposed one uponthe other, as usual in such cases in use. They are pivoted upon a pivotH.

I are what I call two-way slots, made in each of the wings of theshutter. By twoway I mean that the slot in each is arranged at twoangles relative to the line of movement of the pin E, which operateswithin them, so that as the pin advances from one end of the slot F inthe case A or A, as the case may be, toward the other end the shutterswill be first moved in one direction and will then be moved in thereverse direction that is to say, they will first, during the movementof the pin through that portion of the slot in each wing which lies inone direction,

be moved correspondingly, and then when the pin moves through the otherpart of the slot which lies at the other angle or direction the wingswill all be moved in the reverse direction. This form of slot is fullyillustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 6, to which attention is speciallycalled.

J K are two levers, which are pivoted at L and M, respectively, to oneof the sides of the shutter-case. The lever J has an undercut orhook-like part N upon it and is provided with a slot 0, through which apin P, which is fast to the side of the case, plays, and the lever K hasalso a slot Q and a pin R, fastened to the case, which also playsthrough it. The lever K has also a stop S, which is pivoted to the leverby a pivot T and rocks thereon.

U is a spring, which normally presses the stop S forwardly, as shown inFig; 1. The free end of the spring U takes a bearing against a flange orstud V, formed on the upper part of the lever K. These levers areadapted to rock on their pivots L and M, re spectively, to the extent ofthe slots 0 and Q, respectively, so that the hook-like part N of thelever J, and also so that the pivoted stop S on the lever K may be movedinto line with the slot F, through which the wing-actuated pin E moves.

The operation is as follows: Assume that it is desired to make aninstantaneous exposure. Of course the shutter is ordinarily closed, allthe wings being drawn in, and being superposed one upon the other?7. e.,their edges overlappingexclude the light. The lever K is now moved insuch direction that the pivoted stop S lies across the slot F. Uponsqueezing the bulb or otherwise operating the motor, depending upon whatkind of motor it may be, and which is not essential to my in-.

vention, the pin E is carried upwardly through the slot, actuating thewings first to open and then instantly to close the same, and also as itrises it forces the pivoted stop S out of its path,compressing thespringU until it reaches the upper part of the slot F, when, havingpassed the stop S, it, under the action of the spring U, immediatelyfalls again across the slot F in rear of the wing-actuating pin E, thuslocking that pin in the upper end of the slot and preventing reopeningof the wings of the shutter. Thus an instantaneous exposure is secured.

hen it is desired to make a time exposure, the lever K is swungbackwardly, so that the stop S is removed from over the slot F. Thelever J is then swung into such position as that its hook-like end Nwill lie over the slot F. The position of the parts at this time are asshown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. Of course the pin E, which actuates thewings, has again returned to the bottom of the slot F, that being thenormal and starting-point always for that pin. Now upon squeezing thebulb or otherwise actuating the motor, of whatever form the motor maybe, the pin rises through the slot F until the shutter attains its openposition-in other words, until the pin has passed through that part ofthe slot in each wing which affects its opening movementand when it hasso done it comes in contact with the overhanging end of the lever J,which stops its further movement. Thus the wings are prevented fromagain closing, since the pin cannot proceed farther through the part ofthe slots which affect the closing of the wings. The position of all theparts at this time-i. e., during a time exposureis fully illustrated inFig. 2.

I sometimes put a light spring W on the lever J, which will be deflectedduring the upward movement of the pin E and immediately close in behindit when it rests against the part N of the lever J, thus holding the pinin its then position. This will obviate the necessity for continuing thecompression of the bulb or piston, if that form of motor be employed.

In Fig. 6 I show the preferred form of wings when I, employ a four-wingshutter under my invention. a a are the outside shutters. a a are theinner shutters. They are all pivoted upon pivots through the hole a madein each one, and the actuatingpin E plays through the slots a shown ineach. The operation is identical in all respects with that shown in theother figures wherein I employ a two-wing shutter; but the use of fourwings has certain advantages which occasionally I prefer to employ. Itis not essential that they should all be pivoted, nor that the twowings, when two only are used, should be so pivoted. There may be asmany pivots employed as desired.

I do not limit myself to the details of construction shown, because itwill be obvious to those familiar with this art that changes may be madetherein and still the essentials of my invention be employed. Moreover,it is obvious that the levers J and K may be upon either side of thecase of the shutter, and that if upon the exposed side they may bereadily seen and their construction and operation more fully understood;also, that my device may be made as an entity already mounted upon aplate or board, metal or otherwise, in which event it may be sold as anarticle of manufacture ready for application to any form of camera-box.

It will be seen that by my invention I use a single motor only, and thatI do not require, as many other shutter mechanisms do, apositively-acting motor and another releasingmotor which enables thefirst one to act upon the shutter for its movement, and also that,because the slots arein the body of the wings themselves, I very greatlysave space in the shutter-case, reducing the size of the device.

I claim- 1. The combinatiomin a photographic shutter, of a plurality offiat pivoted shutterwings, each wing having a slot therein c011 structedand arranged to reciprocate the wing upon movement of the actuating-pintherethrough in one direction, a pin actuated by a motor which playsthrough the said slots, and locking devices for the pin, whereby thewings are looked after having been opened and closed, substantially asset forth.

2. The combination, in a photographic shutter, of aplurality of fiatpivotedwings, each provided with a slot, a motor provided with a pinwhich projects through the slots in the wing and a springactuatedautomatic lock which embraces the pin after the motorhas effected theopening of the wings, thus preventing their subsequent movement ineither direction, whether actuated by the motor or otherwise,substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, in a photographic shu tter, of flat pivoted wingsactuated by a pin passing through a slot, and two locking-levers for thewings, one of which looks the pin at or near the extreme of itsmovement, preventing its return, and the other of which incloses the pinwhen at or about midway of its movement, thus preventing its movement ineither direction, substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 22d day of October, A. D. 1889.

CULLEN C. PACKARD.

\Vitnesses:

PHILLIPS ABBOTT, EDWIN C. DUSENBURY.

ITO

